Overview of the hydraulic system and hydraulic parts

Hydraulic is a control that uses pressurized liquid as a control signal transmission method. The control system composed of hydraulic technology is called hydraulic control system. Hydraulic control usually includes hydraulic open-loop control and hydraulic closed-loop control. Hydraulic closed-loop control is also known as hydraulic servo control, which constitutes a hydraulic servo system, usually including electro-hydraulic servo system and mechanical hydraulic servo system.

A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely energy device, execution device, control and adjustment device, auxiliary device, and liquid medium. Hydraulics are widely used in industrial and civil industries due to their large transmission power, easy transmission and configuration. The function of the actuators (hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) of the hydraulic system is to convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, so as to obtain the required linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion. The function of the hydraulic pump, the energy device of the hydraulic system, is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the liquid.

Hydraulic system principle

The hydraulic system consists of two cylinders of different sizes, which are filled with water or oil. The one filled with water is called hydraulic press; the one filled with oil is called hydraulic press. There is a sliding piston in each of the two liquid cylinders. If a certain amount of pressure is added to the small piston, according to Pascal's law, the small piston transmits this pressure to the large piston through the pressure of the liquid, and pushes the large piston up. Let the cross-sectional area of the small piston be S1, and the downward pressure on the small piston is F1. Therefore, the pressure of the small piston on the liquid is P=F1/SI, which can be transmitted by the liquid in all directions without changing the size.The pressure on the large piston must also be equal to P. If the cross-sectional area of the large piston is S2, the pressure The upward pressure generated by P on the large piston is F2=PxS2, and the cross-sectional area is a multiple of the cross-sectional area of the small piston. From the above formula, if a small force is added to the small piston, the large piston will get a very high pressure. For this reason, hydraulic presses are used to press plywood, press oil, extract heavy objects, forge steel, etc.

The hydraulic principle relies on the static pressure of the liquid medium in a certain mechanical and electronic system to complete the backlog, transfer and amplification of energy, and realize the lightweight, scientific and maximized mechanical functions.

Using the principle of hydraulics, a hydraulic transmission system can be constructed, and a hydraulic control system can also be constructed.

Purpose of the hydraulic system

The characteristics of hydraulic technology are suitable for the requirements of automation, high performance, large capacity, small size and light weight of various machinery and equipment. Therefore, although it is a relatively new technical branch, it is widely used in power transmission mechanism, auxiliary machine operating mechanism or job automation control mechanism.

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